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Dilantin (Phenytoin)
| Phenytoin Sodium (Generic) Phenytoin Sodium | ||||||
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General Medication Fact Sheet for Dilantin
| Field | Information |
|---|---|
| Medication Name | Dilantin |
| Generic Name | Phenytoin |
| Boxed/Label Warning | Serious cardiovascular events associated with rapid infusion; phenytoin sodium products can cause serious skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis; Discontinuation should be considered at the first sign of rash. |
| Purpose | Anticonvulsant used to control seizures |
| Mechanism of Action | Stabilizes neuronal membranes by limiting sodium influx, reducing the spread of seizure activity |
| Dosage Forms | Oral capsules, chewable tablets, oral suspension, injectable solution |
| Available Strengths | Capsules: 30 mg, 100 mg; Chewable tablets: 50 mg; Suspension: 125 mg/5mL |
| Dosage Frequency | Typically once or twice daily, as directed by a healthcare provider |
| Common Side Effects | Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, gingival hyperplasia |
| Serious Side Effects | Skin rash, liver problems, blood disorders, suicidal thoughts, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension |
| Drug Interactions | Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), certain antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline), antifungals (e.g., fluconazole), certain antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine), oral contraceptives |
| Important Notes | Regular blood tests are needed to monitor phenytoin levels; avoid alcohol; maintain good oral hygiene |
| Storage | Store at room temperature away from moisture and light |
| Missed Dose | Take as soon as you remember; skip if it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose. |
| Alternatives | Carbamazepine, Valproic Acid, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam |
Dilantin Alternatives
| Medication | Mechanism of Action | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels | Also used for trigeminal neuralgia. |
| Valproic Acid (Depakote) | Increases GABA levels in the brain | Also used for bipolar disorder and migraine prevention. |
| Lamotrigine (Lamictal) | Blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels | Also used for bipolar disorder. |
| Levetiracetam (Keppra) | Unknown; binds to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A | Commonly used and generally well-tolerated. |
Dilantin Side Effects
| Common Side Effects | Serious Side Effects |
|---|---|
| Drowsiness | Skin rash (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) |
| Dizziness | Liver problems |
| Blurred vision | Blood disorders (agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia) |
| Nausea | Suicidal thoughts |
| Vomiting | Cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension |
| Gingival hyperplasia | Peripheral neuropathy |
Dilantin Dosage Guide
| Condition | Starting Dose | Maintenance Dose | Administration Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seizures | Varies, typically 100-125 mg three times daily | 300-400 mg daily, adjusted based on blood levels | Individualized based on patient response and blood levels. |
| Status Epilepticus (Loading Dose) | 15-20 mg/kg | N/A | Administered intravenously under medical supervision. |
Dilantin Price With And Without Insurance
| Purchase Context | Estimated Price |
|---|---|
| With Insurance | $10 – $50 |
| Without Insurance (U.S.) | $150 – $250 |
| From CPS | $15.24 |
